www.ksmf.org/arhimed
arhimed@ksmf.org
[5/10/2025 5:43:37 AM]http://www.ksmf.org/arhimed/poglej.asp?id=80
Humana cisticerkoza v Sloveniji
Avtor: Martin Rakuša
Mentor: prof. Jernej Logar, dipl. biol.
Cisticerkoza je sistemska bolezen, ki jo povzrocajo licinke svinjske trakulje, Taenia solium. Parazit je razširjen po vsem svetu. Najvec okuženih bolnikov s cisticerkozo je v državah tretjega sveta. Zaradi emigrantov iz endemskih podrocji, se cisticerkoza pojavlja tudi v razvitih državah. Ce clovek zaužije jajceca svinjske trakulje se iz njih v tankem crevesu razvijejo licinke, ki potujejo kamor koli v telesu. Najveckrat se naselijo v možgane, mišice ali oci, kjer se razvijejo v ikre ali cisticerkuse. Okužbo s cisticerkozo dokažemo s serološkimi testi, z biopsijskim pregledom ciste, z racunalniško tomografijo ali z magnetno resonanco. Najpogostejši klinicni znak bolezni je epilepsija. Bolezen se lahko izraža še z glavobolom, periferno nevropatijo, meningealnimi znaki in okvarami vida. Cisticerkozo zdravimo z albendazolom ali prazikvantelom. Bolnike s hitro napredujocim hidrocefalusom in bolnike z ocesno cisticerkozo zdravimo operativno.
Z raziskavo smo poskušali ugotoviti koliko je humane cisticerkoze v Sloveniji, v katerih krajih države se pojavlja in pri kateri starosti in spolu je pogostejša. Zanimalo nas je tudi, ce obstaja kakšna povezava med pogostnostjo prašicje cisticerkoze in humane cisticerkoze.
Z ELISA testom smo od januarja 1991 do septembra 2000 pregledali 372 serumov bolnikov s sumom na cisticerkozo. Od 372. serumov bolnikov smo pri trinajstih bolnikih našli pozitivne vrednosti protiteles na cisticerkozo. Za pet od trinajstih bolnikov se je izkazalo, da so imeli lažno pozitivne rezultate, za tri bolnike pa nismo dobili popisa bolezni, tako, da pri njih nismo mogli potrditi cisticerkoze. Aktivno neurocisticerkozo smo našli pri petih bolnikih in sicer pri dveh ženskah in treh moških. Eden od teh bolnikov je imel tudi epilepsijo.
Iz rezultatov raziskave lahko zakljucimo da je cisticerkoza v Sloveniji redka bolezen, da se pojavlja od casa do casa v razlicnih krajih in ne samo na dolocenem podrocju države, ter da ni nic bolj pogosta pri moških ali ženskah. Iz majhnega števila bolnikov s cisticerkozo, tudi ne moremo sklepati, da se cisticerkoza pojavlja bolj pogosto pri starejših kot pri mlajših osebah. Zaradi majhne okuženosti prašicev s parazitom T. solium in dokaj visokega življenjskega standarda v Slovenij, menimo, da se je vecina naših bolnikov verjetno okužila na obiskih pri svojcih v državah bivše Jugoslavije.
[Abstract / English version]
Human cysticercosis in Slovenia
Author: Martin Rakuša
Mentor: prof. Jernej Logar, dipl. biol.
Cysticercosis is a systemic disease caused by larvae of pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. This parasite can be found all over the world. Most infected patients are from the Third world countries. Due to emmigrants from endemic regions, cysticercosis also appears in developed countries. When a person ingests pork tapeworm eggs, these will develop into larvae in the small intestine and larvae can later travel to any location of the body. Most frequently they locate themselves in the brain, muscles or eyes, where they develop into cysticerci. Infection with Taenia solium can be proven with the use of serologic tests, biopsy of the cyst, with computer tomography or magnetic resonance. The most frequent clinical sign of the disease is epilepsy. The disease can present itself with headache, perifer neuropathy, meningeal signs and sight distortions. We treat cysticercosis with albendazol or prazikvantel. Patients with fast progressing hydrocephalus and those with eye cysticercosis are treated surgically.
With this research we tried to determine how frequent is cysticercosis in Slovenia, in which parts of the country it occurs and at what age and with which sex it is more frequent. We were also interested in finding out whether there is a connection between the frequency of swine and human cysticercosis.
Using the ELISA test, we examined 372 serums of patients with suspicion of cysticercosis between January 1991 and September 2000. Positive values for cysticercosis antibodies were found in 13 of 372 serums. For 5 of these 13 it turned out to a be false positive result, for 3 of 13 we did not receive disease description and were therefore unable to confirm cysticercosis Active neurocysticercosis was determined in 5 patients, 2 females and 3 males. One of them also had epilepsy.
From the results of our research we can conclude that cysticercosis is a rare disease in Slovenia, that it occurs only from time to time in different regions of the countrs and not in one specific part and that it is not more frequent in females or males. From the samll number of patients we can not conclude that cysticercosis appears more frequently in older or younger people. Due to low infection os swines with Taenia solium and high living standars in Slovenia we are of the opinion that the majority of our patients infected themselves while visiting their relatives in the countries of former Yugoslavia.