www.ksmf.org/arhimed   arhimed@ksmf.org   [5/10/2025 5:20:55 PM] http://www.ksmf.org/arhimed/poglej.asp?id=48 Depresivnost in samospoštovanje pri bolnicah z anoreksijo nervozo in bulimijo Avtor: Špela Štupnik Mentor: prof.dr. Martina Tomori IZHODIŠCA: Motnje hranjenja so obsežen in zaskrbljujoc problem vsega sveta. Kaže da se na mnoge globoke stiske, preizkušnje in težave vse vec ljudi odzove s psihosomatsko simptomatiko. Izhodišce, da bo relativno majhen odstotek mladostnikov, ki se poslužuje diet in hujšanja, razvil klinicno sliko motenj hranjenja, da slutiti pomen socialnih in psiholoških faktorjev v razvoju motenj hranjenja. NAMEN NALOGE: Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, katere neugodne psihosocialne dejavnike lahko povežemo z motnjami hranjenja, kakšne so osebnostne in socialne znacilnosti, ki psihiatricno obravnavane bolnice z motnjami hranjenja locijo od zdravih vrstnic in od vrstnic, ki že imajo težave povezane s hrano, pa strokovne pomoci niso deležne. MATERIAL IN METODE: V raziskavo smo vkljucili deklice starosti 15 do 20 let, locene v tri skupine: klinicno skupino sestavlja 26 bolnic Klinicnega oddelka za mentalno zdravje v Ljubljani, simptomatsko skupino 55 srednješolk, ki kažejo posamezne simptome motenj hranjenja, a strokovno še niso bile obravnavane, kontrolno skupino pa sestavlja 685 zdravih srednješolk. Mladostnice so izpolnjevale vprašalnik, ki ocenjuje družinske odnose, socialno vedenje, prosti cas, zdrave navade, prehranjevalne navade, spolno vedenje, samomorilnost. Vanj sta vkljucena tudi dva standardizirana testa: Zungova lestvica depresije in Rosenbergova lestvica samospoštovanja. REZULTATI: Raziskava je pokazala, da mladostnice klinicne skupine izhajajo iz najbolj neurejenih družin, so najslabše socializirane, imajo najvec osebnih problemov in stisk, imajo težave na podrocju spolne vloge. Poleg tega je pri njih pogosteje prisotno samomorilno vedenje, nizka samopodoba in visoka raven depresivnosti. Dekleta simptomatske skupine so v vecini navedenih postavk bolj podobne mladostnicam klinicne kot tistim iz kontrolne skupine. ZAKLJUCKI: Z raziskavo smo potrdili, da se pri razvoju motenj hranjenja najverjetneje sešteva vec neugodnih psihosocialnih dejavnikov in da so za razvoj popolne klinicne oblike motenj hranjenja pomembne tudi dolocene osebnostne znacilnosti. Pri mladostnicah klinicne skupine je seštevek navedenih neugodnih dejavnikov najvišji, prisotna je tudi klinicno pomembno visoka stopnja depresivnosti in nizka samopodoba. Posebno pozornost potrebujejo dekleta simptomatske skupine. «» [Abstract / English version] Depression and self-esteem at patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia Author: Špela Štupnik Mentor: prof.dr. Martina Tomori PROBLEM: Eating disorders are extensive and alarming problem. It looks that psychosomatic reaction is frequent answer of people to the pressures, experiences and problems of their life. With knowledge, that only a small percentage of young people who have problems with dieting and binge eating will develop true clinical picture of eating disorders, we can anticipate importance of social and psychological factors in the development of eating disorders. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH: The aim of our research was to establish which unfavorable psychosocial factors can be linked with eating disorders, which are individual and social characteristics that distinguish psychiatrically treated girls with eating disorders from their coevals with or without eating problems. STATISTICAL MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research group comprised 26 girls that were treated in Clinical department for mental health in Ljubljana, symptomatic group comprised 55 high school girls who had some eating disorders symptoms but did not seek for medical help, control group comprised 685 high school girls without problems with eating. In all groups we applied a questionnaire that evaluates family conditions, social behaviour, free time, health and eating habits, sexual behaviour and suicidality. Depression was evaluated by standardized Zung depression scale, self-esteem was evaluated by standardized Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire. RESULTS: Girls from research group have the most disordered family, are less socialized, have more personal problems and problems with accepting sex role. They frequently report suicidal behavior, have low self-esteem and high level of depression. Girls from symptomatic group are more similar to the girls from clinical than to the girls from control group. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest, that sum of various unpleasant psychosocial factors together with specific personal characteristics may contribute to the development of eating disorders. Girls from research group had experienced more unfavourable conditions, they show clinically significant level of depression and have low self-esteem. Special attention should be paid to the girls from symptomatic group.